XKX · snapshot 2026-08-09
Kosovo
Insufficient dataOverall risk score
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Percentile of scored universe
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Data coverage
55%
vs Australia (16.1)
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Category breakdown
Political Stability & Governance
High6 indicators · 100% coverage
Economic Resilience
High6 indicators · 80% coverage
Financial & Currency Risk
Insufficient dataInsufficient data
Business Environment
Insufficient dataInsufficient data
Security & Crime
Medium3 indicators · 75% coverage
Climate & Social Compliance
Insufficient dataInsufficient data
Technology & Digital
Insufficient dataInsufficient data
Cultural Distance
Insufficient dataInsufficient data · not in overall score
Key risks and considerations
Kosovo does not meet the floors for an overall rating: only 3 of 7 weighted categories could be scored (minimum 5) and data coverage is 55%, below the 70% floor. Treat the category detail below as partial evidence, not a verdict.
The main risk drivers are no double-tax agreement with Australia, no investment-treaty protection with Australia, thin FX reserves (1.8 months of import cover) and high modern-slavery prevalence (8.0 per 1,000).
Possible mitigations
- Getting money out. Confirm profit-repatriation channels before committing capital: seek central-bank pre-approvals where required, consider an export-first model over an in-country entity, and structure via clear remittance jurisdictions.
- Withholding tax. No double-tax agreement with Australia: model withholding tax on dividends, interest, and royalties into the business case — it can decide the entity-vs-export question.
- Modern slavery compliance. Elevated modern-slavery risk: apply enhanced supply-chain due diligence and document it — Australian Modern Slavery Act reporting will expect exactly this analysis.
Generated automatically from this snapshot’s indicator data — a starting point for analysis, not advice.
Indicators
| Indicator | Value | Risk score | Rating | Australia | Data source year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political Stability & Governance | ||||||
| Voice & accountability (WGI) | 59.6 | 43.7 | Medium | |||
| Government effectiveness (WGI) | 50.1 | 51.5 | High | |||
| Regulatory quality (WGI) | 51.3 | 55.4 | High | |||
| Rule of law (WGI) | 57.9 | 46.1 | Medium | |||
| Control of corruption (WGI) | 42.7 | 52.4 | High | |||
| Political stability & absence of violence/terrorism (WGI PV) | 60.4 | 64.0 | High | |||
| Economic Resilience | ||||||
| GDP growth (3-yr average, %) | 4.1% (3-yr avg) | 15.0 | Low | |||
| Growth volatility (10-yr std dev, pp) | ±3.9 pp | 58.9 | High | |||
| Government net debt (% of GDP) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Inflation (CPI %, vs income-group target) | 3.9 | 10.0 | Low | |||
| Current account (3-yr average, % of GDP) | -7.9% (3-yr avg) | 65.0 | High | |||
| FX reserves (months of import cover) | 1.8 months | 80.0 | Very High | |||
| GDP per capita (PPP, current intl $) | $19,263 | 54.5 | High | |||
| Financial & Currency Risk | ||||||
| Capital-account openness (Chinn-Ito KAOPEN) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Currency stability (regime-aware classification) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Sovereign credit risk (OECD country risk classification) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| FATF listing (grey / black list status) | Not listed | 0.0 | Low | |||
| Double-tax agreement with Australia | None in force | 100.0 | Very High | |||
| Business Environment | ||||||
| FDI regulatory restrictiveness (OECD FDIRRI) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Logistics performance (World Bank LPI) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Business readiness (World Bank B-READY pillar average) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Investment protection with Australia in force (BIT or FTA investment chapter) | None in force | 100.0 | Very High | |||
| Security & Crime | ||||||
| Armed-conflict intensity (battle deaths per 100k, 5-yr) | 0.0 | 29.7 | Medium | |||
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100k) | 1.9 | 44.5 | Medium | |||
| Organised crime pervasiveness (GI-TOC criminality score) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| DFAT Smartraveller advisory level | Level 2 — Exercise a high degree of caution | 40.0 | Medium | |||
| Climate & Social Compliance | ||||||
| Physical climate vulnerability (ND-GAIN vulnerability) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Disaster risk (INFORM Risk Index) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Modern-slavery prevalence (per 1,000) | 8.0 | 79.7 | Very High | |||
| Modern-slavery vulnerability score | 40.4 | 35.9 | Medium | |||
| Technology & Digital | ||||||
| E-government development (UN EGDI) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Internet users (% of population) | 89.4 | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Cybercrime origination (World Cybercrime Index) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Secure internet servers (per million people) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
Per-indicator ratings are quartile bands of the 0–100 risk score. The Australia column shows the same indicator’s raw value for the Australian baseline in this snapshot.
Cultural distance
GLOBE 2004 societal practices · rated on distance from Australia · not in the overall score
Context — not scored
Unemployment
—
Displayed, never scored: ambiguous for an entrant and unreliable where informal employment dominates.
Trade agreement
No Australian FTA in force
Market access is decision-relevant but a benefit, not a risk — kept out of the rating.
Regional advisories
Higher levels apply in some areas (up to Level 3)
DFAT Smartraveller sub-national advice where it exceeds the overall level.
Compare with
A score means little on its own. These economies scored closest to Kosovo in this snapshot, which is the fastest way to see whether the rating is telling you something specific or something regional.