JAM · snapshot 2026-08-09
Jamaica
HighOverall risk score
49.5
Percentile of scored universe
55th
Data coverage
93%
vs Australia (16.1)
+33.4
Category breakdown
Political Stability & Governance
Medium6 indicators · 100% coverage
Economic Resilience
High7 indicators · 100% coverage
Financial & Currency Risk
High5 indicators · 100% coverage
Business Environment
Insufficient dataInsufficient data
Security & Crime
Very High4 indicators · 100% coverage
Climate & Social Compliance
Medium4 indicators · 100% coverage
Technology & Digital
High4 indicators · 100% coverage
Cultural Distance
Insufficient dataInsufficient data · not in overall score
Key risks and considerations
Jamaica rates High for market entry — an overall risk score of 49.5, riskier than 55% of rated economies and 33 points riskier than Australia.
The main risk drivers are no double-tax agreement with Australia, no investment-treaty protection with Australia, violent crime (49.4 homicides per 100k), armed conflict (0.4 battle deaths per 100k/yr) and weak logistics performance.
Relative strengths: inflation, FX reserves, current account all rate Low, the least-risky rating band.
Possible mitigations
- Political violence. Consider political-violence and political-risk insurance, keep asset footprints light, and maintain an exit/continuity plan with defined triggers.
- Withholding tax. No double-tax agreement with Australia: model withholding tax on dividends, interest, and royalties into the business case — it can decide the entity-vs-export question.
- Payment fraud. Experts nominate this market as a cybercrime origin (World Cybercrime Index, 2021 survey): verify any change of bank details out-of-band, enforce MFA and dual authorisation on payments, and be sceptical of unsolicited counterparties.
Generated automatically from this snapshot’s indicator data — a starting point for analysis, not advice.
Indicators
| Indicator | Value | Risk score | Rating | Australia | Data source year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political Stability & Governance | ||||||
| Voice & accountability (WGI) | 65.3 | 32.0 | Medium | |||
| Government effectiveness (WGI) | 54.7 | 43.7 | Medium | |||
| Regulatory quality (WGI) | 56.3 | 41.7 | Medium | |||
| Rule of law (WGI) | 55.6 | 48.6 | Medium | |||
| Control of corruption (WGI) | 45.9 | 46.1 | Medium | |||
| Political stability & absence of violence/terrorism (WGI PV) | 74.0 | 37.4 | Medium | |||
| Economic Resilience | ||||||
| GDP growth (3-yr average, %) | 0.8% (3-yr avg) | 70.0 | High | |||
| Growth volatility (10-yr std dev, pp) | ±4.1 pp | 61.8 | High | |||
| Government net debt (% of GDP) | 67.7 | 60.0 | High | |||
| Inflation (CPI %, vs income-group target) | 4.0 | 10.0 | Low | |||
| Current account (3-yr average, % of GDP) | 1.7% (3-yr avg) | 15.0 | Low | |||
| FX reserves (months of import cover) | 6.5 months | 10.0 | Low | |||
| GDP per capita (PPP, current intl $) | $13,291 | 64.1 | High | |||
| Financial & Currency Risk | ||||||
| Capital-account openness (Chinn-Ito KAOPEN) | 0.42 | 60.0 | High | |||
| Currency stability (regime-aware classification) | Floating — low volatility (<8%) | 15.0 | Low | |||
| Sovereign credit risk (OECD country risk classification) | Category 5 / 7 | 64.0 | High | |||
| FATF listing (grey / black list status) | Not listed | 0.0 | Low | |||
| Double-tax agreement with Australia | None in force | 100.0 | Very High | |||
| Business Environment | ||||||
| FDI regulatory restrictiveness (OECD FDIRRI) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Logistics performance (World Bank LPI) | 2.5 | 75.4 | Very High | |||
| Business readiness (World Bank B-READY pillar average) | — | — | Insufficient data | |||
| Investment protection with Australia in force (BIT or FTA investment chapter) | None in force | 100.0 | Very High | |||
| Security & Crime | ||||||
| Armed-conflict intensity (battle deaths per 100k, 5-yr) | 0.4 | 82.7 | Very High | |||
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100k) | 49.4 | 97.6 | Very High | |||
| Organised crime pervasiveness (GI-TOC criminality score) | 5.9 | 72.1 | High | |||
| DFAT Smartraveller advisory level | Level 2 — Exercise a high degree of caution | 40.0 | Medium | |||
| Climate & Social Compliance | ||||||
| Physical climate vulnerability (ND-GAIN vulnerability) | 0.451 | 52.4 | High | |||
| Disaster risk (INFORM Risk Index) | 3.1 | 40.3 | Medium | |||
| Modern-slavery prevalence (per 1,000) | 7.3 | 68.4 | High | |||
| Modern-slavery vulnerability score | 45.1 | 42.8 | Medium | |||
| Technology & Digital | ||||||
| E-government development (UN EGDI) | 0.7 | 49.5 | Medium | |||
| Internet users (% of population) | 90.1 | 29.3 | Medium | |||
| Cybercrime origination (World Cybercrime Index) | 0.1 | 30.0 | Medium | |||
| Secure internet servers (per million people) | 192.0 | 70.0 | High | |||
Per-indicator ratings are quartile bands of the 0–100 risk score. The Australia column shows the same indicator’s raw value for the Australian baseline in this snapshot.
Cultural distance
GLOBE 2004 societal practices · rated on distance from Australia · not in the overall score
Context — not scored
Unemployment
3.3%
Displayed, never scored: ambiguous for an entrant and unreliable where informal employment dominates. (2025, ILO modelled)
Trade agreement
No Australian FTA in force
Market access is decision-relevant but a benefit, not a risk — kept out of the rating.
Regional advisories
No higher regional advisory levels
DFAT Smartraveller sub-national advice where it exceeds the overall level.
Compare with
A score means little on its own. These economies scored closest to Jamaica in this snapshot, which is the fastest way to see whether the rating is telling you something specific or something regional.